An electrical substation is a critical component in the power grid, serving as an intermediary between power generation and distribution. Its primary functions include stepping down high-voltage electricity from transmission lines to lower voltages suitable for local distribution, and managing the flow of electrical power to ensure reliability and safety.

Substations typically house transformers, circuit breakers, and switches to control and protect the electrical network. By transforming voltage levels and routing power through various circuits, substations help balance supply and demand across the grid. They also play a crucial role in isolating faults and minimizing disruptions.

Advanced substations incorporate smart technology for real-time monitoring and automated control, enhancing grid stability and efficiency. With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, substations are evolving to handle diverse energy inputs and maintain a reliable power supply, making them essential for modern electrical infrastructure.